Urbanization and Rural development

Urbanization means the growth of the number and size of the towns and the spreading of quality of life in towns (Enyedi, 1996). Naturally the growth and development is different in several parts of the world. On the other hand the urbanization is not only effect to towns. It has also an effect on rural region. Several attendant phenomenons belong to the urbanization (economic development, rural development, infrastructural development etc.). Primary target is to demonstrate the connection between urbanization and rural development.urbanization, regional development, rural development, urban-explosion, relative deconcentration, dezurbanization, urbanization of informatics, sustainable development, Community/Rural/Urban Development,

ESTIMATION OF EXTERNAL COSTS OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION USING EXTERNE MODEL

The external costs of electricity generation can be characterised by the resulting social and environmental impacts. The most significant impacts are the air pollutions impact on health, built in environment, crops, forests, agricultural areas and on global warming. The primary impact considered is the air pollution’s effect on human health. The monetised value of the health impact, the external costs are calculated for two regional coal power plants, the effects are examined on the EU level with the ExternE methodology.External costs, human health, monetized environmental impacts, energy production, coal power plants, air pollution, Environmental Economics and Policy, Health Economics and Policy, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,

Salicylic acid targets protein phosphatase 2A to attenuate growth in plants

Plants, like other multicellular organisms, survive through a delicate balance between growth and defense against pathogens. Salicylic acid (SA) is a major defense signal in plants, and the perception mechanism as well as downstream signaling activating the immune response are known. Here, we identify a parallel SA signaling that mediates growth attenuation. SA directly binds to A subunits of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), inhibiting activity of this complex. Among PP2A targets, the PIN2 auxin transporter is hyperphosphorylated in response to SA, leading to changed activity of this important growth regulator. Accordingly, auxin transport and auxin-mediated root development, including growth, gravitropic response, and lateral root organogenesis, are inhibited. This study reveals how SA, besides activating immunity, concomitantly attenuates growth through crosstalk with the auxin distribution network. Further analysis of this dual role of SA and characterization of additional SA-regulated PP2A targets will provide further insights into mechanisms maintaining a balance between growth and defense

Importance of Driving and Potential Impact of Driving Cessation for Rural and Urban Older Adults

PurposeAnalyses compared older drivers from urban, suburban, and rural areas on perceived importance of continuing to drive and potential impact that driving cessation would have on what they want and need to do.MethodsThe AAA LongROAD Study is a prospective study of driving behaviors, patterns, and outcomes of older adults. A cohort of 2,990 women and men 65‐79 years of age was recruited during 2015‐2017 from health systems or primary care practices near 5 study sites in different parts of the United States. Participants were classified as living in urban, surburban, or rural areas and were asked to rate the importance of driving and potential impact of driving cessation. Logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and driving‐related characteristics.FindingsThe percentages of older drivers rating driving as “completely important” were 76.9%, 79.0%, and 83.8% for urban, suburban, and rural drivers, respectively (P = .009). The rural drivers were also most likely to indicate driving cessation would have a high impact on what they want or need to do (P < .001). After adjustment for sociodemographic and driving‐related characteristics, there was a 2‐fold difference for rural versus urban older drivers in odds that driving cessation would have a high impact on what they need to do (OR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.60‐2.58).ConclusionsOlder drivers from rural areas were more likely to rate driving as highly important and the prospect of driving cessation as very impactful. Strategies to enhance both the ability to drive safely and the accessibility of alternative sources of transportation may be especially important for older rural adults.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153160/1/jrh12369_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153160/2/jrh12369.pd

Urbanization and Rural development

Urbanization means the growth of the number and size of the towns and the spreading of quality of life in towns (Enyedi, 1996). Naturally the growth and development is different in several parts of the world. On the other hand the urbanization is not only effect to towns. It has also an effect on rural region. Several attendant phenomenons belong to the urbanization (economic development, rural development, infrastructural development etc.). Primary target is to demonstrate the connection between urbanization and rural development

A GÖDÖLLŐI FALUKUTATÓ HAGYOMÁNYOK: MÚLT ÉS JELEN

A GTK 50 évvel ezelőtti megalakulásakor szellemiségében nem kezdete, hanem folytatása volt egy, az Egyetem jogelődjében korábban működő intézetek gondolatiságának. Rangos társadalomtudományi műhelymunka folyt itt, ezt jelzik a korabeli oktatók és hallgatók nevei. A vidékproblematika a 20. sz. elejétől komoly tudományos kutatásokat indított el. Ebből bontakozott ki az az országos falukutató mozgalom, amelyhez Egyetemünk is csatlakozott. Ennek célja és gondolatvilága sokkal szélesebb társadalmi szinteken is megjelent. Így beépült Egyetemünk korabeli kurzusaiba is, és máig forrásértékű szociográfiai irodalmat hozott létre. Az egykori gödöllői falukutató műhely módszerei és szemlélete máig érvényes, folytatása a mai vidékkutatások számára is példa lehet. 2006-ban a SZIE GTK keretei között útjára indult a Faluszeminárium kurzus. A tárgy célja nem csupán az, hogy bemutassa a falukutatás tudományelméleti kérdéseit, hanem vállalt szándéka az is, hogy mindezt a mai falusi helyszíneken a gyakorlatban is megvizsgálja. A 2007 júniusában Siklódon (Románia) hallgatókkal folytatott terepmunkánk eredményeinek bemutatásával azt kívánjuk igazolni, hogy a mai vidékkutatások számára is nagy jelentőségű lehet a tradíciókra épülő, de jelenkori kérdéseket vizsgáló falukutatás

ESTIMATION OF EXTERNAL COSTS OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION USING EXTERNE MODEL

The external costs of electricity generation can be characterised by the resulting social and environmental impacts. The most significant impacts are the air pollutions impact on health, built in environment, crops, forests, agricultural areas and on global warming. The primary impact considered is the air pollution’s effect on human health. The monetised value of the health impact, the external costs are calculated for two regional coal power plants, the effects are examined on the EU level with the ExternE methodology

A GÖDÖLLŐI FALUKUTATÓ HAGYOMÁNYOK: MÚLT ÉS JELEN

The foundation of Scool of Economics and Social Sciences (SESS) 50 years ago was not the beginning, but was the continuance of the inwardness of predecessor in title of the University’s previously active institutes. There were valuable workshop of social sciences as the names of contemporary teachers and students have indicated. Weighty scientific researches had been started by the regional problematic from the beginning of the 20th century. The country-wide village-researcher front has evolved from it and our University has joined to it. The aims and inwardness has appeared in a wide social layers as it has been a part of our University’s courses and has made an ere now used source of sociographic literature. The methods and approaches of former village-researcher workshop are still modern and would be exemplar for the regional-researches in our days. The village-seminar course had started again by the SESS in 2006. The aim of the course is not only to discuss about traditions of village-researches and theoretic questions but also to do practical investigations in the present-day villages. We would explain by our results of our field-work has done with our students on Siklód (Roumania) in 2007, that the village-researches built on traditions and recent questions would have high importance for the present-day region-researches.11szociográfia, faluszemináriumi kurzus, falukutató táborok, sociography, rural researches, traditions, Public Economics, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,